Online exams are digital assessments conducted via internet platforms, allowing students to take tests remotely using computers or mobile devices. They typically include formats like multiple-choice questions, essays, or interactive tasks, with features such as timed access, auto-grading, and secure proctoring to prevent cheating. Benefits include flexibility for anytime/anywhere participation, instant feedback, eco-friendly paperless design, and personalized accommodations (e.g., extra time or text-to-speech). However, they require reliable internet and may challenge academic integrity, often addressed through tools like browser lockdowns or oral defenses.